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Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)
The Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015) is an offensive led by the Iranian-backed militia Hezbollah,〔 supported by the Syrian Army, during the Syrian Civil War, against the al-Nusra Front and other Syrian opposition forces entrenched in the mountains of the Qalamoun region.
==Background==
In mid-November 2013, the Syrian military, backed by Hezbollah, launched an offensive against the rebel-held Qalamun Mountains in an attempt to cut rebel supply lines to Damascus from Lebanon.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fierce Syria clashes spark exodus to Lebanon )〕 The strategic region had been used by rebel forces as a rear base for its operations around the capital Damascus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syria air force bombards town near Lebanon: monitor )〕 The battle was primarily led on the rebel side by the al-Nusra Front. By late April 2014, the last major rebel stronghold in the region fell to the Syrian Army, as it secured all of the towns in the region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Syria rebels surrender in border town )〕 However, 3,000 rebels retreated into the mountains to conduct guerrilla hit-and-run attacks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Events in Iraq makes Hezbollah vulnerable )〕
From June through August 2014, a new Syrian government offensive against remnant rebel forces led to the rebels coming under siege.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hezbollah, Syrian regime battle rebels in northeast Lebanon )〕 Over the following months, the al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant maintained a foothold in the region's rugged terrain. Over 20 FSA factions merged into the Gathering of Western Qalamoun group, while by the end of the year, six eastern Qalamoun FSA brigades formed the Mujahideen Shura Council. At the same time, the arrival of an ISIL expeditionary force lead to a wave of FSA defections into ISIL numbering in the hundreds, further boosting the Islamic State's presence in the region, which reached approximately 1,000 fighters. Al-Nusra maintained 600 militants in Qalamoun's eastern areas, forging an alliance with ISIL in the region.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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